BEYOND SURFACES

Solutions It all began in 2013, when a new EU drinking water regulation limited the lead content in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter. Manufacturers had to use lead-free brass in the production of sanitation products to comply with the ecological rule. As a result, one of those manufacturers, a Werkö customer, saw a dramatic increase in tool consumption when producing turned parts. Completely altered machining “The switch to lead-free brass resulted in four times higher tooling costs, long cycle times, tool breakage and a lot of scrap for our customer,” explains Vicente Madrid, product manager and team leader for direct sales at Werkö. The lead that had been eliminated had previously made machining and chip breaking much easier. In addition, some lead-free material substitutes increase tool wear through material smearing and produce long, wind- ing chips, which impairs process reliability. “This changes the machining process completely,” says Vicente Madrid. Challenges for the automotive industry Manufacturers in the automotive industry also face the same problem, albeit for different reasons. In many countries, RoHS 1 or similar directives restrict the use of lead in electronic equipment or components. And the ELV Directive 2 2000/53/EC on end-of- life vehicles allows an exemption for copper alloys containing a maximum of 4% lead only until July 2021. This means that industries are increasingly faced with the challenge of machining lead-free or low-lead copper. At the same time, demand will grow rapidly due to e-mobility — from only 185,000 tonnes in 2017 to 1.74 million tonnes in 2027, according to one study. The reason: e-vehicles, including hybrids, require up to 3.5 times more copper than cars with combustion engines, and e-charging stations also need copper for contacts and connections. partnership provides a solution After intensive testing in its own application center, Werkö developed a successful solution for its sanitation products customer. The solution is based on a special tool with a sophisticated geometry and spiraling. The coating was also tinkered with, because classic PVD coatings were unable to improve the results. But the use of BALINIT HARD CARBON from Oerlikon Balzers, a long-standing partner of Werkö, led to success on the second try. The combination of the special tool developed by Werkö with the BALINIT HARD CARBON coating solved the customer’s problem — and both tool costs and cycle times were once again within reasonable limits, as before. This success is a confirmation for Rico Fritzsche, Segment Manager Cutting Tools at Oerlikon Balzers: “We have been gathering valuable know- ledge about the machining of lead- free materials since 2014 in partner- ship with companies and within the research group.” And Edda Enders, commercial director of Werkö, is also satisfied, although she emphasizes: “There’s no one-size-fits-all solution for cases like this. Each need is dif- ferent, and ultimately it’s small details that will determine performance.” werkö gmbh › Ilmenau, Germany › 74 employees Werkö is a leading supplier of precision cutting tools for metalworking and last year moved to a new location with almost double the production floor space. The company is part of the global TDC Group, which has sites in China, USA, Mexico and Brazil. www.werkoe.de BAlInIT hARd CARBon This carbon coating is chemically inert and prevents built-up edge formation and sticking. Moreover, it restores chip flow and is also suitable for dry machining thanks to its high hardness (5,000 HV) and low friction coefficient. Three options are available, with different coating thicknesses depending on the application, as well as customer-specific pre- and post-treatment, which further optimize chip flow and cutting pressures. www.oerlikon.com/balzers/balinit-hard-carbon 1 RoHS = Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (European Union) 2 ELV = End of Life Vehicles Directive (European Union) Beyond SURFACeS 02|2020 31